The Race to Patent Reinforced Concrete
Gustav Wayss
Hennebique wasn’t the only engineer with a significant effect on the reinforced concrete industry. Gustav Wayss, a German engineer, was known for conducting tests on reinforced concrete. Wayss didn’t spread his work as far around the world as Hennebique, but focused most of his work in Germany. Wayss bought the rights to Joseph Moniers patent in 1880 and after years of testing the material, published the Monier Brochure, a book of calculations and tests done on RC as a load bearing material. At the time in Germany, public regulations didn’t recognize RC as a load bearing construction method. Wayss along with Mathias Koenen were able to combine their knowledge, tests, and patent, to provide proof of RC physical characteristics and capabilities. When Germany then listed RC as a load bearing construction method, Wayss and Koenen were the only ones in the area with the knowledge and more importantly, the patent, to construct using the Monier system of reinforced concrete. They had so much work, they had to hire many contractors to work under them, like Hennebique did, but at a smaller, more local scale. Once their patent expired in 1894, rather than a swarm of companies coming to perform work using the monier system, only a couple companies did. The reason was traditional building materials and unskilled labor was far cheaper, and combining that with a poor economy in Germany at the time, limited the number of Monier system constructions at the time.