Another influential pioneer was American engineer, Claude AP Turner. Turner was known for his patented “Mushroom” system, a flat floor system. Turner studied the work of Francois Hennebique and combined it with his own studies to create a system that eliminated the need for beams that hennebique used, and simply use columns with widened tops that connect to a flat floor slab. By simply eliminating these beams, the system allowed for extensively less material usage, a smaller “dead” space in the floor system, a cheaper building, and increased opportunities for spaces and openings in RC buildings. Turner didn’t fan his work out to multiple continents like Hennebique, but did acquire almost 30 patents over his career and was responsible for over 2,000 bridges, viaducts, and buildings in America.